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[CS] Computer Networking(1): Intro

[CS] Computer Networking(1): Intro

๐Ÿ“š์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ „๊ณต ์ˆ˜์—… ์ •๋ฆฌ

Internet structure


  • Newtwork edge:
    • hosts: clients and server
    • servers often in data center
  • Access networks, physical media:
    • wired, wireless communication links
  • Network core:
    • interconnected routers
    • network of networks

Protocol


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The network core


  • mesh of interconnected routers(routers is like little computer - sizeโ†“ / speedโ†‘)
  • Packet-switching: hosts break app-layer messages into packets (current network use P-s)
    • network forwards packets from one router to the next, across links on path from source to destination

Two key network-core funtions


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  1. Forwarding(switching): local action
  2. Routing: global action

How do packet delay and loss occur


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4-Packet delay


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  1. nodal processing
  2. queueing delay alt text
    • cant reduce only queueing delay
    • most packet loss in here
  3. transmission delay
  4. propagation delay

Packet loss


Packet loss: ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํŒจํ‚ท์ด ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ alt text

  • Buffer๋Š” ์œ ํ•œํ•œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค.
  • Buffer๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐผ์„ ๋•Œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด packet์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฒ„ํผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ์„œ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ €์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด ํŒจํ‚ท์ด ์†์‹ค๋œ๋‹ค.
  • ์†์‹ค๋œ ํŒจํ‚ท์€ ์ด์ „ ๋…ธ๋“œ, ์›๋ณธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์žฌ์ „์†ก๋˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์•„์˜ˆ ์žฌ์ „์†ก๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Throughput


Throughput: sender์—์„œ receiver๋กœ ์ „์†ก๋˜๋Š” ์ „์†ก๋˜๋Š” ๋น„ํŠธ ์ˆ˜(bits/time unit)

  • instantaneous(์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Ÿ‰): ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Ÿ‰
  • average(ํ‰๊ท  ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Ÿ‰): ๋” ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Ÿ‰ alt text

โœ… ๋งํฌ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋•Œ ์ „์ฒด ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?

  • Rs < Rc ๊ฒฝ์šฐ: average end-end throuput์€ Rs๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.
  • Rs > Rc ๊ฒฝ์šฐ: average end-end throuput์€ Rc๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.

  • bottleneck link(๋ณ‘๋ชฉ ๋งํฌ): end-end path์—์„œ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋Š” ๋งํฌ
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